Taking reasonable steps to tackle damp and mould in a rental property UK is not only important for your health, but is also part of a tenant’s responsibility. This guide is designed to help you understand the causes of damp, condensation and mould, and how to reduce the risk within your home.
What is condensation and what causes it?
Condensation occurs when warm air containing moisture meets a cold surface, creating water droplets. This leads to surface dampness which, if not managed, can result in mould growth.
This is a common issue in UK homes, particularly where there is insufficient heating or poor ventilation. Homes that are cooler, for example where heating is used infrequently, are more likely to experience condensation.
What causes damp and mould?
Mould is a fungus that grows on damp surfaces and is typically caused by excess moisture from condensation, especially where walls and windows are cold and air moisture levels are high.
However, not all damp is caused by condensation. Structural issues can also contribute:
- Penetrating damp may occur due to leaks from damaged roofs, walls or guttering
- Rising damp may occur where there is a defective damp proof course, usually in basements or ground-floor walls
Rising damp does not typically result in black mould growth but may still cause damage to the property.
Who is responsible?
When dealing with damp and mould in rental properties UK, responsibility is shared between tenants, landlords and letting agents.
Tenants are responsible for managing everyday moisture and ventilation, while landlords are responsible for addressing structural issues and maintaining the property.
How is responsibility split?
Tenant responsibilities
Tenants should take reasonable steps to reduce moisture and condensation in the home, including:
- Using appropriate cleaning products to manage mould
- Using lids on pans and extractor fans while cooking or showering
- Avoiding drying clothes on radiators where possible
- Maintaining a reasonable level of heating
- Keeping vents on windows open where provided
- Ensuring furniture is not placed tightly against walls, allowing airflow
What can landlords and agents do?
Landlords and letting agents are responsible for ensuring the property is maintained and suitable for occupation.
This may include:
- Decorating with anti-mould paint where appropriate
- Carrying out inspections and responding to concerns
- Ensuring adequate insulation and ventilation systems
- Repairing leaks or defects promptly
- Providing guidance on heating and ventilation systems
How can it be treated?
Damp and mould can affect health and may worsen respiratory conditions. Understanding how condensation and mould form in UK homes can help prevent more serious issues from developing.
Simple preventative steps
Drying clothes
Drying clothes indoors increases moisture in the air, which can lead to condensation. Where possible, dry clothes outdoors. If drying indoors, use a well-ventilated space, keep windows open, or use a dehumidifier.
Air needs to flow, even in cold weather.
Daily activities such as cooking, bathing and breathing generate significant moisture.
Modern insulation and double glazing can trap this moisture indoors, so regular ventilation is essential. Opening windows or using trickle vents allows fresh air to circulate and reduces condensation.
Avoid placing furniture tightly against walls or overfilling wardrobes, as this can restrict airflow and increase damp conditions.
Heating systems
Maintaining a consistent temperature in your home helps reduce condensation. The World Health Organisation recommends keeping indoor temperatures between 18°C and 20°C.
Keeping a low, steady level of heating on, rather than short bursts, can help prevent damp and mould forming.
Make use of extractor fans provided
Cooking and bathing generate steam, increasing humidity in the air.
Using extractor fans during and after these activities helps remove moisture and reduce condensation. If extractor fans are not working correctly, you should inform your letting agent.
Use a dehumidifier
Dehumidifiers help remove excess moisture from the air and can be particularly useful when drying clothes indoors or in areas prone to condensation.
Add plants to lower humidity levels
Some houseplants, such as peace lilies, ferns and spider plants, can help reduce humidity levels and improve air quality.
Remove pooling moisture to prevent build-up
Any condensation that forms on windows or walls should be wiped away regularly. This simple step can significantly reduce the likelihood of mould developing.
Check for penetrating damp
If you notice signs of leaks, such as water entering from roofs, walls or plumbing, report this to your landlord or letting agent promptly. Quick action will help prevent more serious structural damage and ongoing damp issues in rental properties.
Removal and cleaning
Mould often appears in kitchens, bathrooms and around windows where moisture levels are higher.
You should clean affected areas promptly using suitable mould and mildew products or a simple vinegar-based solution.
When cleaning mould:
- Ensure the area is well ventilated
- Wear protective gloves (and a mask if necessary)
- Follow product instructions carefully
If mould persists, inform your landlord or letting agent, as it may indicate a more serious issue.
Damage
If you notice any damage or repairs are required, you should contact your letting agent promptly so that an inspection and any necessary remedial works can be arranged.
Additional support with the cost of living crises
If you are struggling with energy costs you can find advice and support at:ofgem.gov.uk/information-consumers/energy-advice-households
There is a Priority Services Register to provide extra help to those in vulnerable situations: ofgem.gov.uk/get-help-your-supplier-priorityservices- register
Information about Cost of Living Payments can be found at: gov.uk/guidance/cost-of-living-payment
Grants of between £5,000 and £25,000 are available to eligible lowincome homeowners and private tenants as part of the Warmer Homes
programme: warmerhomes.org.uk/eligibility
